Jointing is one of the methods of finishing wood processing. Boards, bars acquire a smooth, polished surface. The jointer has a simpler design than a thicknesser counterpart. The installation is easy to assemble yourself from improvised devices.
Machine design
The planer is equipped with a table. The table has a technological hole, a knife shaft is placed in it, functioning from an electric drive. During planing, lumber is fed to the shaft using a roller mechanism. Support elements for the workpiece can be tilted at the desired angle. The thickness of the board is regulated by the countertop by feeding it up and down.
The blade shaft can have one-sided and two-sided construction. In the first case, processing of one plane of the board is carried out. A double-sided shaft allows you to plan the tree from two sides simultaneously. There is equipment with four knives providing four-sided grinding. These samples are most often installed in large woodworking enterprises. Cleanliness of processing depends on the diameter of the blade shaft. The larger it is, the higher the quality of grinding.
Two types of knives can be installed on a homemade jointing machine:
- One-edged. Subject to periodic sharpening.
- Two-edged, disposable. When abrasion are replaced by new ones.
Joiners differ in frequency of rotation of a shaft, length of a table-top, width of planing of timber. The surface of the countertop is divided into two transverse segments, while the front part is located below the back to control the thickness of the removed layer of wood. The optimum cut thickness is 0.5 cm. If you need more removal, you need to carry out several cycles.
For stability, improving the bearing characteristics, the jointer bed is made of cast iron, the skeleton is supplemented with steel plates. The shaft of the knives is fixed between the two halves of the countertop. For convenience, the table is equipped with guides.
How to make a jointer tool
The jointer has a simple design, it can be made in a few hours: the process does not require special skills and knowledge. A planer with an electric drive is useful in carpentry, but it is worse than a jointing machine in the quality of wood processing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing sample to achieve a better result.
As a main element of future equipment, an electric planer with a movable knife guard that is retractable during jointing is well suited. It is better if the planer is equipped with knives up.
During the assembly process you will need:
- boards
- plywood sheet
- fasteners.
Step-by-step instruction
First you need to make the basis of the boards. It should be in the form of a box without a bottom and a lid. The length of the frame will correspond to the length of the working surface.
At the next stage, the plywood sheet must be laid on top of the box, form a technological hole, a planer platform will be installed in it.
On top of the plywood, two more of the same sheets are laid, serving as the back and front plate. The sheet that the tree will accept when planing should be 2 mm thicker. It is necessary to withstand the parallel placement of plywood sheets. This can be verified with a chip. Before fixing the panel to the frame, the edge of the material is processed.
A hand-held electric planer is mounted on a mount mounted with the knives up on the bottom sheet of plywood.
A tree is required to cut out the mounting ears. Through these elements adjustment bolts will be threaded, setting the machine knife to a predetermined height relative to its base.
On the planerfrom the electric planer, you need to install the side stop from the remaining plywood. After that, you can proceed to the processing of lumber.
Alternative option
If you are not planning to work with long workpieces, you can make a compact home appliance. This circular is easily understaffed with special supports, turns into a full-fledged machine.
First you need to form a box of thick plywood, wood or MDF. The structure is fixed with wood glue or reinforced with self-tapping screws. The role of the countertop is performed by the electric planer platform.
The most complex element that is provided planer, - lateral emphasis. It will move in special grooves. Its fixing is provided by two screws and wing nuts. In the box, the cutting tool is held by the side fasteners. For convenience, a home electric jointer can be improved by forming an output in its design for summing up an industrial vacuum cleaner.
Professional homemade jointer
The figure shows the drawings with detailed explanations. An electric motor of 1.5 kW is required, connected to the shaft using a drive belt. The knife shaft can be made independently or ordered from a turner.
In the course of work, it is necessary to weld the bed from a metal profile or corner. Then the base plate and the base for the screw are welded to the skeleton. Side strips are attached with the condition of ensuring the free movement of the guides. To do this, form technological gaps.
The lead screw is welded to the machine after it is mounted on a support. Equipment must be provided with a front plate consisting of a top and a guide rail. They are interconnected by side elements. The end parts of the surfaces must be made parallel, after which they are carefully sanded.
So that the dimensions of the sidewalls installed on the homemade jointer are the same, they are processed, provided with holes for the studs. After welding the sidewalls and guide elements, the temporary studs are removed.
At the last stage, a knife shaft is installed. At the same time, raise the front countertop to its level so that the edge of the panel is parallel to the axis of the shaft. The back of the countertop should be fixed in a fixed position. The center of gravity of this woodworking machine is high. To reduce vibration, jointer is recommended to be strengthened additionally.