Aerated concrete is a fairly warm and light material. Its increasing popularity is explained by the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be taken into account when choosing other supporting structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house of aerated concrete will be the best option.
Types of structures
To divide the interfloor space, the following types of structures can be used:
- beam overlap;
- slab flooring;
- monolithic overlap.
The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements in an aerated concrete house is undesirable, therefore, the implementation of overlapping on wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.
Precast concrete
The positive aspects of this type of design include:
- high installation speed;
- reliability and durability;
- incombustibility.
The disadvantages of this type are much greater. They are especially noticeable during the construction of a private house from aerated concrete:
- limited number of sizes;
- a large mass of elements;
- the need to use lifting equipment;
- inability to use with a complex shape of the room;
- the need for a large storage area.
In addition, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, thereby significantly reducing the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.
Monolithic reinforced concrete
Monolithic overlap allows you to use it in rooms of complex shapes and with atypical spans. There are two types of such ceilings for a private house:
- on wooden beams and moisture-proof plywood;
- on metal beams and profiled sheets.
The second for the aerated concrete house immediately disappears due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. Monolithic overlapping using wooden beams is suitable for buildings with small spans, since with increasing distances between the walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.
The installation of concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.
The positive characteristics of this type of design include:
- the ability to fill the area of any shape;
- no need for complicated equipment;
- durability and reliability.
The cons include:
- the complexity of the process;
- it is necessary to install formwork and special support pillars;
- the complexity of the technological conditions when laying the mixture;
- a large mass of construction.
Wooden
The positive qualities of wood floors can include:
- low cost;
- light weight;
- the ability to give the design of various configurations;
- ease of installation;
- no need for sophisticated technique.
The features of this material include the need for two types of special treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics. The former protect the tree from fire, and the latter prevent damage by fungus or mold. This is especially important when erecting a ceiling on the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and an attic floor in a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures come in contact with cold air and condensation may form on them, which leads to microorganism damage.
Wooden beam joist
The main bearing element of this design is a wooden beam, which transfers the payload and load of the ceiling structure to the walls. There are three options for the device of wooden floors in the house:
- beam;
- ribbed;
- beam-ribbed.
When constructing a beam, most attention is paid to the supporting element. To correctly choose the cross section, specialists perform calculations on strength and stiffness. The device of such structures in a private house allows an approximate selection of the cross section of the beams. It depends on the pitch of the supporting elements. At a step of 0.6 m, the following values can be given:
- 75 per 100 mm with a span of 2 m;
- 75 by 150 mm with a span of 2.5 m;
- 75 to 200 mm - 3 m;
- 100 to 200 mm - 4-4.5 m;
- 125 by 200 mm - 5m m;
- 150 to 200 mm - 6 m.
If the step of the beams is larger, the values should be increased.
In general, the attic floor cake is as follows:
- load-bearing beams;
- lags;
- boardwalk;
- clean floor.
When installing a basement or ceiling of the last floor, when they come into contact with cold air, a heater is laid between the logs. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a vapor barrier layer on the side of warm air and protection against moisture on the cold side.
An important point is the fastening of the supporting beams to the walls. The bearing depth is at least 12 cm. When contacting materials of different structure, it is necessary to provide a waterproofing layer: the ends of the beams are covered with a waterproofing material. As a waterproofing, you can use:
- bituminous mastic;
- roofing material;
- roofing (obsolete material);
- hydroisol;
- linocrom.
The beam should not be fixed rigidly. Sometimes, for this, a bevel is provided at the end face at an angle of 70 degrees.
To evenly distribute the load, small wooden plates are installed under the places of support of the beam. They should be wider than the supporting beam.
Beams are mounted simultaneously with the construction of walls. First, you need to lay the extreme elements and check their evenness using the building level and a straight long board. After making sure that they are horizontal, mount the remaining bars.
With proper installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements, you can achieve a very long service life and high reliability. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.